1999)背景：國(guó)際恐怖主義行為的次數(shù)和嚴(yán)重性在很大程度上依賴恐怖主義份子可以獲得多少資助而定，因而向恐怖主義提供資助是整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)嚴(yán)重關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。在此以前多邊法律文書(shū)并沒(méi)有專門(mén)處理這種資助，所以迫切需要增強(qiáng)各國(guó)之間的國(guó)際合作，制定和采取有效的措施以防止向恐怖主義提供資助和通過(guò)起訴及懲罰實(shí)施恐怖主義行為者來(lái)加以制止。在1999年 12月 9日第五十四屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)上，通過(guò)了《制止向恐怖主義提供資助的國(guó)際公約》，補(bǔ)充了現(xiàn)有的國(guó)際相關(guān)文書(shū)在此方面的不足。該公約共28條，其中的第18條論及了在面臨與反洗錢(qián)有關(guān)的可疑的交易情況時(shí)金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)采取的控制辦法，同時(shí)通過(guò)締約國(guó)加強(qiáng)進(jìn)一步的國(guó)際合作來(lái)防止犯罪行為的發(fā)生。
International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999)
背景：國(guó)際恐怖主義行為的次數(shù)和嚴(yán)重性在很大程度上依賴恐怖主義份子可以獲得多少資助而定，因而向恐怖主義提供資助是整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)嚴(yán)重關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。在此以前多邊法律文書(shū)并沒(méi)有專門(mén)處理這種資助，所以迫切需要增強(qiáng)各國(guó)之間的國(guó)際合作，制定和采取有效的措施以防止向恐怖主義提供資助和通過(guò)起訴及懲罰實(shí)施恐怖主義行為者來(lái)加以制止。在1999年12月9日第五十四屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)上，通過(guò)了《制止向恐怖主義提供資助的國(guó)際公約》，補(bǔ)充了現(xiàn)有的國(guó)際相關(guān)文書(shū)在此方面的不足。該公約于2002年生效。中國(guó)已于2001年11月14日簽署了該公約。
該公約共28條，其中的第18條論及了在面臨與反洗錢(qián)有關(guān)的可疑的交易情況時(shí)金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)采取的控制辦法，同時(shí)通過(guò)締約國(guó)加強(qiáng)進(jìn)一步的國(guó)際合作來(lái)防止犯罪行為的發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)將該公約中與反洗錢(qián)有關(guān)的內(nèi)容摘錄如下。
Article 18
1. States Parties shall cooperate in the prevention of the offences set forth in article 2 by taking all practicable measures, inter alia,[1] by adapting their domestic legislation, if necessary, to prevent and counter preparations in their respective territories for the commission of those offences within or outside their territories, including:
(a) Measures to prohibit in their territories illegal activities of persons and organizations that knowingly encourage, instigate5, organize or engage in the commission of offences set forth in article 2;
(b) Measures requiring financial institutions and other professions involved in financial transactions to utilize the most efficient measures available for the identification of their usual or occasional customers, as well as customers in whose interest accounts are opened, and to pay special attention to unusual or suspicious transactions and report transactions suspected of stemming from a criminal activity. For this purpose, States Parties shall consider:
(i) Adopting regulations prohibiting the opening of accounts the holders or beneficiaries of which are unidentified or unidentifiable, and measures to ensure that such institutions verify the identity of the real owners of such transactions;
(ii) With respect to the identification of legal entities, requiring financial institutions, when necessary, to take measures to verify the legal existence and the structure of the customer by obtaining, either from a public register or from the customer or both, proof
of incorporation, including information concerning the customers name, legal form, address, directors and provisions regulating the power to bind the entity;
(iii) Adopting regulations imposing on financial institutions the obligation to report promptly to the competent authorities all complex, unusual large transactions and unusual patterns of transactions, which have no apparent economic or obviously lawful purpose, without fear of assuming criminal or civil liability for breach of any restriction on disclosure of information if they report their suspicions in good faith; [2]
(iv) Requiring financial institutions to maintain, for at least five years, all necessary records on transactions, both domestic or international.
2. States Parties shall further cooperate in the prevention of offences set forth in article 2
by considering:
(a) Measures for the supervision, including, for example, the licensing, of all money transmission agencies[3];
(b) Feasible measures to detect or monitor the physical cross-border transportation[4] of cash and bearer negotiable instruments[5], subject to strict safeguards to ensure proper use of information and without impeding inany way the freedom of capital movements.
3. States Parties shall further cooperate in the prevention of the offences set forth in article 2 by exchanging accurate and verified information in accordance with their domestic law and coordinating administrative and other measures taken, as appropriate, to prevent the commission of offences set forth in article 2, in particular by:
(a) Establishing and maintaining channels of communication between their competent agencies and services to facilitate the secure and rapid exchange of information concerning all aspects of offences set forth in article 2;
(b) Cooperating with one another in conducting inquiries, with respect to the offences set forth in article 2, concerning:
(i) The identity, whereabouts[6] and activities of persons in respect of whom reasonable suspicion exists that they are involved in such offences;
(ii) The movement of funds relating to the commission of such offences.
4. States Parties may exchange information through the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol).
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